Mobile network operators (MNOs) worldwide are progressively retiring legacy 2G and 3G networks and migrating spectrum and resources towards more capable and efficient 4G and 5G technologies. In some markets, including Australia, Japan and the United States, this transition has already been largely completed. Elsewhere, particularly in Europe, the process is more recent. The first major shutdowns have taken place only in the last few years, although most operators now have established roadmaps for retiring legacy networks over the coming decade.
A central element of this transition is the refarming of spectrum previously allocated to 2G and 3G, allowing it to be reused for newer network technologies. MNOs are pursuing this process for several reasons. Regulatory requirements may provide an impetus in some markets, but the primary drivers are commercial and operational. Compared with legacy technologies, 4G and 5G offer significantly greater capabilities for delivering data services, make more efficient use of scarce spectrum resources and can reduce network operating costs.
The result is the potential for improved services and lower costs for customers, while also reducing the energy and resource requirements associated with maintaining multiple generations of network infrastructure. Network modernisation is therefore not simply a technology upgrade, but an important means of improving network efficiency, economics and sustainability.
The aim of this report is to support enterprises deploying multi-country IoT solutions. The report starts by reviewing why MNOs are undertaking 2G and 3G switch-off, followed by a major section that explores the current status of 2G and 3G switch-off around the world based on a comprehensive review of operator plans and activities. The next section examines why this trend is important and key considerations for enterprises. A final section examines future switch-off possibilities, including for 4G and other technologies.
